Alzheimer's Disease: What You Need to Know About Symptoms and Prevention

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behaviour. In Australia, more than 400,000 people are living with dementia, and Alzheimer's accounts for up to 70% of these cases. With an ageing population, it's projected that nearly one million Australians will be affected by dementia by 2058. The disease not only impacts the individual but also places significant emotional and financial strain on families and caregivers. Early detection and management are key to improving quality of life for those affected by Alzheimer's.

We had the opportunity to speak with Professor Bruce Brew, a distinguished neurologist and recipient of multiple St Vincent's Clinic Research Foundation grants for his work in neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, to gain insights from his expertise.

What are the early signs of Alzheimer's disease that people should be aware of?
One common early sign is forgetfulness, often noticed by those around the person.

How does Alzheimer's disease progress over time, and what are the typical stages?
Alzheimer's progresses gradually, starting with minor memory issues and eventually leading to severe memory loss over several years.

What are the most common misconceptions about Alzheimer's disease that you encounter?
A major misconception is that Alzheimer’s is completely unpreventable and that nothing can be done to slow its progression.

How does Alzheimer's differ from other forms of dementia, and why is it important to distinguish between them?
Alzheimer's primarily affects short-term memory, whereas other forms of dementia may impact different cognitive functions and behaviors. An accurate diagnosis is crucial, as it can open up access to new treatments and clinical trials.

What current treatments are available for Alzheimer's, and how effective are they in slowing the disease's progression?
Current treatments can help improve memory symptoms for some patients but do not change the overall course of the disease. New treatments being considered, which have already been approved elsewhere, show promise in modestly slowing the progression of the disease.

Are there any new research findings or potential treatments on the horizon that offer hope for those affected by Alzheimer's?
Yes, recent advancements include blood tests that can diagnose Alzheimer's in the right clinical setting. New medications can slow the disease, potentially providing more quality time with loved ones. Additionally, there are promising drugs in trials that may be even more effective in slowing, or possibly stopping, the disease. In the near future, we might even see vaccines aimed at preventing Alzheimer’s.

How can lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and mental stimulation, impact the risk of developing Alzheimer's?
Around 40% of Alzheimer's cases are linked to modifiable risk factors. While individual effectiveness may vary, following a Mediterranean diet, engaging in regular physical activity, staying mentally stimulated, ensuring good hearing, maintaining social connections, and managing blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, mood, and sleep can all play a role in reducing risk.

What steps can people take to potentially reduce their risk of developing Alzheimer's as they age?
Addressing the lifestyle and health factors mentioned above is crucial for reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's as one ages.

St Vincent's Clinic Research Foundation funds the best research projects across St Vincent's Sydney Health Innovation Precinct, supporting our top talented clinicians to make a real-world impact on patient care and creating opportunities for future medical breakthroughs.